配筋UHPC梁抗扭承载力可靠度分析及材料分项系数的确定

超高性能混凝土(Ultra-High Performance Concrete, UHPC)抗拉强度对抗扭承载力的贡献不可忽略,其构件抗扭承载力计算公式不同于常规混凝土。为检验该公式的可靠度水平,该文基于试验结果和公开文献中的相关数据,得到了UHPC抗拉强度及抗扭承载力模型不定性统计参数。在综合考虑荷载组合、箍筋配筋率、UHPC抗拉强度和钢筋强度等关键参数的基础上,运用Monte Carlo方法对3240种组合下UHPC梁抗扭承载力状态进行了可靠度分析,考查了各关键参数对可靠指标的影响并进行了敏感性分析。结果表明：按现行UHPC规范计算配筋UHPC梁抗扭承载力,其可靠度水平满足要求且可靠指标远高于目标指标;UHPC抗拉强度等级越高且材料分项系数取值越大,配筋率对可靠指标的影响越显著;其抗拉强度对可靠指标影响较显著,钢筋强度对可靠指标的影响可忽略。为充分利用UHPC抗拉强度,基于敏感性分析结果,结合目标可靠指标,校准了不同等级UHPC抗拉强度材料分项系数(强度等级UT05、UT07和UT10的材料分项系数分别为1.25、1.17和1.11)。最后,给出了不同等级抗拉强度建议设计值,可分别取3.45MPa、5.67MPa和9.01MPa。     

八边形薄壁高墩非线性稳定分析

论述了薄壁高墩的两类稳定问题,在考虑了几何非线性和材料非线性的基础上,结合仙神河斜拉桥的工程实例,对比分析了该部分斜拉桥的八边形薄壁高墩的稳定性,通过分析可知,考虑非线性影响的稳定分析对于指导工程实践具有更好的实际意义。     

浅议邻近名胜风景区的小城镇总体规划修编

以增城市派潭镇总体规划修编为例,着重从规划思想、空间布局、景观规划、规划实施对策等方面进行了论述,以期为邻近名胜风景区的小城镇总体规划修编做出有益的探索。     

框架的非线性有限元优化设计

充分考虑了钢筋混凝土材料的非线性特征 ,在用二次积分迭代法进行R C 框架非线性有限元分析的基础上 ,进行框架结构造价最省为目标的优化设计。此法可以反映单个构件裂缝开展、钢筋屈服、混凝土被压碎、内力重分布等全部过程。非线性优化设计采用整体优化和分部优化相结合的优化方法 ,将非线性分析和系统优化紧密结合。分部优化的数学模型被有效简化 ,但充分考虑截面尺寸、纵向钢筋和箍筋这些在造价中起决定作用的设计变量和各种抗震约束条件 ,优化结果较精确。非线性有限元优化程序将非线性分析与系统优化穿插在一起 ,联合迭代 ,共同收敛 ,有效减少了迭代的次数。通过优化设计实例证明 ,非线性有限元优化设计的造价比弹性的优化设计有显著地节省。     

Statistical Determination of Ignition Frequency of Structural Fires in Different Premises in Finland

Ignition frequencies and ignition frequencies per floor area were determined for different building categories in Finland as total groups and as a function of the floor area of the building. These frequencies are needed as input for risk analysis using performance based fire safety design. It was found that differences between building categories or location within country were so small that a universal curve for the whole country could be determined. For ignition frequency per floor area for small buildings a strong dependence on size is observed, but it remains approximately constant for larger buildings. Additionally periodical variations of ignition frequency of buildings by month and week of year, day of week, and time of day were determined. Historical review of the development of ignition frequency models was made. Some evaluation on the generality of the results was made based on the theoretical models.     

温州旅游发展定位初探

从机遇和挑战两方面对温州旅游业的发展进行了分析,并对温州市旅游业开发的条件进行了研究,结合温州市旅游发展的优势,阐述了温州旅游业发展的目标和定位,从而促进温州旅游业的发展.     

变量选择在废水处理过程软测量建模中的应用

化学需氧量与悬浮固形物含量是造纸工业废水排放中需要重点监测的指标,建立有效的废水出水水质预测模型是优化控制废水中污染物排放量的有效方法。由于实际工业废水处理过程的复杂性,可测变量之间存在强相关性,利用偏最小二乘法提取变量的投影重要性信息进行变量选择,将选择后的最优变量子集作为软测量模型的输入,建立出水水质的最优预测模型。以最小二乘支持向量机模型为例,基于变量选择的最小二乘支持向量机模型对出水化学需氧量进行预测时均方根误差降低了15.2%,相关系数提高了14.4%;对于出水悬浮固形物模型,均方根误差降低了20.5%,相关系数提高了16.1%。结果表明在建模时进行变量选择可以降低模型的复杂度和提高模型的泛化能力。     

三峡库区低水位运行期库尾支流筑坝对其水体CO2分压及排放的影响

为探究三峡库区低水位运行期间库尾支流河坝对其上下游水体CO₂分压、水气界面扩散通量的影响,于2019年8月对三峡库区库尾典型筑坝支流御临河进行采样研究。原位测定关键理化环境因子,采用顶空平衡法,结合亨利定律和薄边界层理论计算水体CO₂分压（p_CO2）及水气界面扩散通量（Flux（CO₂））。结果表明,库区低水位运行期御临河水体表层p_CO2为54.55~336.73 Pa,均值为206.68 Pa,Flux（CO₂）为1.65~67.84 mmol/（m²·d）,均值为39.01 mmol/（m²·d）,表现为大气CO₂排放源排放水平显著高于三峡库区中下游支流。御临河受其下游筑坝影响,河坝上游较近河段表现为湖泊型水体（流速v<0.05 m/s）,上游较远河段和下游表现为过渡型水体（v=0.05~0.2 m/s）。湖泊型水体p_CO2和Flux（CO₂）显著低于过渡型水体,且p_CO2随水深增加迅速增大。相关性分析及多元逐步回归分析表明,库区低水位运行期御临河p_CO2及Flux（CO₂）受水温、pH、DO、Chl-a等理化环境指标影响显著,Chl-a是影响p_CO2的最主要因素,p_CO2是影响Flux（CO₂）的最主要因素。     

Partial oxidation of methane in hollow‐fiber membrane reactors based on alkaline‐earth metal‐free CO2‐tolerant oxide

The U‐shaped alkaline‐earth metal‐free CO₂‐stable oxide hollow‐fiber membranes based on (Pr_0.9La_0.1)₂(Ni_0.74Cu_0.21Ga_0.05)O_4+δ (PLNCG) are prepared by a phase‐inversion spinning process and applied successfully in the partial oxidation of methane (POM) to syngas. The effects of temperature, CH₄ concentration and flow rate of the feed air on CH₄ conversion, CO selectivity, H₂/CO ratio, and oxygen permeation flux through the PLNCG hollow‐fiber membrane are investigated in detail. The oxygen permeation flux arrives at approximately 10.5 mL/min cm² and the CO selectivity is higher than 99.5% with a CH₄ conversion of 97.0% and a H₂/CO ratio of 1.8 during 140 h steady operation. The spent hollow‐fiber membrane still maintains a dense microstructure and the Ruddlesden‐Popper K₂NiF₄‐type structure, which indicates that the U‐shaped alkaline‐earth metal‐free CO₂‐tolerant PLNCG hollow‐fiber membrane reactor can be steadily operated for POM to syngas with good performance. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3587–3595, 2014